1. Materials :

- Porcelain Insulators: Porcelain insulators are typically made from ceramic materials such as clay, feldspar, and alumina. These materials are fired at high temperatures to create a dense and durable insulating material.

- High voltage power line insulators: Polymer insulators, also known as composite insulators, are made from synthetic materials such as silicone rubber or ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) rubber for the sheds (outer housing) and a core material such as fiberglass or aramid fiber.

2. Construction :

- Porcelain Insulators: Porcelain insulators are usually comprised of multiple porcelain discs stacked together with metal hardware such as steel caps and pins. These discs are typically cemented together to form a solid structure.

- Polymer Insulators: Polymer insulators have a single-piece construction with sheds and a core rod integrated into a monolithic unit. Metal fittings or end fittings are often attached to the ends of the insulator to facilitate installation and connection to conductors or support structures.

3. Weight :

- Porcelain Insulators: Porcelain insulators are relatively heavy due to the dense nature of ceramic materials. They tend to have a higher mass compared to polymer insulators.

- Composite line post insulator: Polymer insulators are lightweight due to the use of synthetic materials. They are typically much lighter than porcelain insulators, making them easier to handle and install.

4. Strength :

- Porcelain Insulators: Porcelain insulators have high mechanical strength and are resistant to physical damage such as impact or vibration. However, they can be brittle and prone to cracking under certain conditions.

- Polymer Insulators: Polymer insulators offer excellent mechanical strength and are more resistant to damage from impact and vibration compared to porcelain insulators. They are also more flexible, reducing the risk of breakage during handling or in windy conditions.

5. Pollution Performance :

- Porcelain Insulators: Porcelain insulators are susceptible to pollution flashover, where contaminants such as dust, salt, or pollutants deposit on the surface, leading to electrical arcing and insulation failure.

- Polymer Insulators: power line insulators have superior pollution performance due to the hydrophobic properties of silicone rubber sheds, which repel water and contaminants. This makes them less prone to pollution flashover and ideal for use in polluted or coastal environments.

6. Installation and Maintenance :

- Porcelain Insulators: Installing porcelain insulators requires careful handling due to their weight and fragility. Maintenance may involve regular cleaning to remove contaminants and inspection for cracks or damage.

- Polymer Insulators: Polymer insulators are easier to handle and install due to their lightweight and single-piece construction. They typically require less maintenance since they are less prone to damage from environmental factors and offer better pollution resistance.